Anaesthesia Machine – Overview
Introduction
Anaesthesia machines combine gas delivery, vaporization, ventilation, and monitoring functions into one system. Their primary goal is to provide a precise, continuous, and safe flow of anesthetic gases while ensuring adequate oxygenation and respiratory support.
Modern machines integrate advanced digital controls, electronic flow meters, and built-in safety features, making them essential equipment in hospitals, surgical centers, and emergency care.
Key Components
1. Gas Supply System
Connects to oxygen, nitrous oxide, air, and other medical gases.
Includes pressure regulators and gauges.
Ensures stable, reduced pressure suitable for delivery.
2. Flow Meters
Measure and regulate the flow of individual gases.
Modern systems often use electronic flow meters for accuracy.
3. Vaporizers
Convert liquid anesthetic agents (e.g., sevoflurane, isoflurane) into vapor.
Deliver precise concentrations of anesthetics.
Agent-specific and temperature-compensated.
4. Breathing Circuit
Delivers gases to the patient and removes exhaled gases.
Includes inspiratory/expiratory valves, tubing, and connections.
5. Ventilator
Provides mechanical ventilation when patients cannot breathe spontaneously.
Modes include volume-controlled, pressure-controlled, and assist-control.
6. Scavenging System
Removes excess anesthetic gases from the OR environment.
Protects healthcare workers from exposure.
7. Monitors
Modern machines integrate:
Oxygen concentration monitoring
Capnography (CO₂ monitoring)
Respiratory rate
Tidal volume and airway pressure
Agent concentration
Pulse oximetry and ECG (in advanced systems)